The main results of scientific research

       2016

Project: "Development and creation of innovative technologies for the production, consumption and energy conservation based on solar, wind, bio-and geothermal energy resources, issuing recommendations for the practical application of these technologies and their commercialization." ГР № 0113TJ00320.
Project Manager: Acad. Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics Ilolov M.I.

         In the framework of the theme “Development and creation of innovative technologies for the production, consumption and energy conservation based on solar, wind, bio-and geothermal energy resources, recommendations for the practical application of these technologies and their commercialization” for 6 months of 2016, the following scientific results were obtained:

         Using the example of geothermal reservoirs Dzhilandy and Khoja Obigarm, the temperature characteristics of thermal processes in inhomogeneous porous media were studied in the case when the thermal conductivity coefficient is non-linearly dependent on temperature.
          The linear and cyclical variability of the river flow of the transboundary rivers of Tajikistan and Central Asia was studied to assess
the impact of global climate change and optimizing the use of water and energy resources in hydropower and irrigation.
          Developed new methods for optimizing joint and
efficient use of water and energy resources
transboundary rivers in Central Asia.
       An automated measuring complex has been designed, manufactured and tested for continuous monitoring of the air temperature inside and outside buildings.
     A computer program has been developed, created and tested for processing temperature measurement data and determining heat and radiation fluxes through walling structures in real time.
The total heat fluxes coming through the overlap of the solar house model during the winter period have been experimentally determined. It is shown that the heat flux, depending on the orientation and angle of the roof slope, can simultaneously have opposite directions. In the case of disconnection of active sources of heating, the total heat influx through the southern slope of the roof is almost equal to the heat outflow through the northern slope. At the same time, the average air temperature inside the model during the day is more than 20 ° C to 5-6 hours. Active sources of heating are turned on after sunset and work 18-19 hours.
         An experimental study of active and passive methods of using solar energy with the help of a model and original of a solar house has been carried out, recommendations on the practical application of active and passive sources of solar energy have been developed.
          Designed and manufactured battery charge and discharge controller for solar installation with digital display.
         A methodology has been developed for examining projects and buildings to evaluate their energy efficiency based on measuring heat losses through the building envelope and determining the annual energy consumption for heating.
Recommendations on the use of solar photovoltaic and water heating installations for the residential and utility sectors of Tajikistan were prepared, which briefly describes the purpose, a description of devices and components, operating parameters of installations, a wiring diagram for the loads and the necessary equipment, instructions for installation and operation of installations. In the annex to these recommendations, the calculation of the needs of an individual family consisting of 5-6 people in electrical and thermal energy is given. Based on these needs, the parameters of solar photovoltaic and water-heating installations are calculated.
          For the use of passive sources of solar radiation for heating and ventilation in the private sector, it is recommended to use the insolation level data in the valley and mountain regions of the Republic of Tajikistan for a year and the results of accurate measurement of solar radiation components (global, direct, reflected, diffused), which are listed in the tables. The results of experimental studies of the influence of the orientation of windows, walls, and roofs of a solar house model on heat and radiation flux penetrating through enclosing structures are presented.
      The properties of a thermoelectric generator in laboratory and natural conditions are investigated. A pyramidal concentrator was manufactured with a concentration factor of 4 and its properties were investigated under the action of incandescent lamp light at an intensity of (330-1000) W / m2 and solar radiation (674-686) W / m2. It has been established that the use of a pyramidal concentrator allows, on average, to increase the output power of a thermoelectric generator by 2 times. It was shown that the power at the output of a thermoelectric generator depends not only on the intensity of the incident light, but also, to a certain extent, on the wind speed, ambient temperature and humidity.

          For the commercialization of the developed active and passive methods of using solar energy, as well as the equipment developed for measuring and controlling the heat losses of buildings, the main stages and participants of the commercialization process were identified. The existing methods of commercialization of innovations, the advantages and disadvantages of each of the methods of commercialization with regard to the conditions of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan are studied. The results of the research are presented for familiarization to specialists of design building organizations.
          A test of the charge and discharge controller of the battery designed and manufactured by the Center’s specialists for a solar installation with digital indication was carried out, which showed that the controller provides the necessary charge and discharge parameters when the solar photovoltaic system is in operation.
Two solar photovoltaic modules (100 W and 200 W) were studied under natural conditions in the city of Dushanbe: no-load voltages, short-circuit currents were measured, and the output power was determined during the day.
The analysis of the current situation and prospects for the successful implementation of the project to complete the construction of the Rogun hydropower station.
        10 varieties of Jerusalem artichoke were planted at experimental sites of the Tajik National University and the Tajik Agrarian University and 10 collection varieties of Jerusalem artichoke in the village of "Khovaron", Dushanbe.
       A study was made of the effect of acetic acid concentration on the extraction of inulin when extracting inulin from Jerusalem artichoke tubers grown under the conditions of the Gissar Valley of the Republic of Tatarstan. inulin-containing solution and studied.
          A vegetative inoculation of Jerusalem artichoke on sunflower and sunflower on Jerusalem artichoke was carried out on the experimental plot "Khovaron". Sunflower seeds were sown, obtained from grafting sunflower on Jerusalem artichoke in 2015 and the characteristics of their growth and development (more than 280 plants) were studied.
Studied the evolution of the theory and methodology of the innovation system, shows the experience of the leading countries of the world in the field of innovation development, which suggests that the development of effective innovation policy should be carried out taking into account a comprehensive understanding of the goals, objectives, functions of the National Innovation System, its weak and strong points.

2015

Project: "Development and creation of innovative technologies for the production, consumption and energy conservation based on solar, wind, bio-and geothermal energy resources, issuing recommendations for the practical application of these technologies and their commercialization." ГР № 0113TJ00320.
Project Manager: Acad. Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics Ilolov M.I.

       In the framework of the theme “Development and creation of innovative technologies of production, consumption and energy conservation based on solar, wind, bio-and geothermal energy resources, giving recommendations on the practical application of these technologies and their commercialization” the following scientific results were obtained:
The tests of the hybrid photovoltaic module-collector solar system were continued. It is established that the average efficiency of the photovoltaic module, water and air collectors in natural conditions is 9%, 44% and 12-16%, respectively. The hybrid solar installation, thanks to the combination in one case of the module and the collector, made it possible to obtain electrical energy, heat energy in the form of warm air for heating the building and warm water for domestic needs with low loss of heat energy.
       An electrolyzer has been developed, manufactured and tested for the production of hydrogen from water by using solar energy. The material selected diaphragm for gas separation and optimization of its parameters.
Developed, manufactured and tested micro-hydroelectric installation with the accumulation of electrical energy on electrochemical batteries.
      The method of monitoring the temperature inside and outside the Solar House model determined the contribution of the passive heat source of solar radiation penetrating through the windows for heating the Solar House model during the winter months. It is shown that the monthly amounts of radiation penetrating through the model windows are 3706, 8 W.h. in January and 4015.1 W.h. in February. It was established that the share of passive sources of solar radiation in heating the “Solar House” model was 5.6% for January, 8.2% for February, 17.6% for March and 85.3% for April 2015.
The properties of the photovoltaic cell based on the bulk heterostructure of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and metal-free phthalocyanine organic semiconductors (H2Pc) are investigated. It is established that the absorption spectrum of a bulk heterostructure based on organic semiconductors CuPc and H2Pc covers wavelengths in the range of 200-850 nm. The ITO | CuPc-H2Pc | Al photocell has a rather high sensitivity and stability of properties, as a result of which it can be used for the development of photovoltaic devices and practical use.
For the Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piskunov equation (KPP) with a source, self-similar traveling-wave solutions are obtained. The transformation transforming the KPP equation with a source into the KPP equation with the drain and the connection between the solutions of these equations is investigated. These equations can be used to analyze the results obtained numerically and will allow to characterize some parameters in geothermal systems.
The conditions for the stability of the water-vapor configuration in the geothermal system are found. It has been established that when the physical parameters change, a bifurcation of the phase transition surface like a turning point can occur when a pair of surfaces is born or disappears, one of which is subject to long-wave instability through destabilization by zero-wave perturbation.
      The method of separation of variables found particular classes of analytical solutions for two types of equations of nonlinear heat conduction with a fractional derivative with respect to time.
A mathematical model of ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray propagation is investigated.
A new variety of Jerusalem artichoke, “Sarvat”, derived by the scientists of the Center, has been submitted to the State Commission for Testing Crop Varieties and Protection of Varieties for variety testing at the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan.
      A physical and chemical analysis of topinambur varieties of Interest, Sarvat and Oroishi grown by scientists and specialists of the Center for Innovative Development of Science and New Technologies of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan was carried out. It has been established that in all samples of Jerusalem artichoke the content of radionuclides: Cesium-137 and Strontium-90 is not more than 10 Bq / kg, which is 4-12 times less than the established norm, and the content of heavy metals is: lead - from 8.10-4 to 3, 5.10-3 mg / kg; cadmium from 5.10-4 to 1.10-3 mg / kg, which is 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than the established norm. In the tested varieties of Jerusalem artichoke, mycotoxins (aflotokam B1, deoxivalenone and fumanizin) and crop pests were not found.

          On the experimental experimental section of the Center for Innovative Development of Science and New Technologies of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan in the village of Mirzobek of the Guliston Jamoat of the Rudakiy District, on experimental experimental plots of the Tajik National University, Tajik Agrarian University. Sh. Shotemur, Dangara State University and in the conditions of dekhkan farm named. Latif Murodov of the Gissar region laid experiments to study the growth and development of various collection samples of Jerusalem artichoke (more than 10 samples).
Experiments on joint planting of Jerusalem artichoke with several crops (with corn, sunflower, and beans) were carried out with a 70x35 cm planting pattern. A good harvest of all crops was obtained.
Work has begun on studying the chemical composition of the tubers of the varieties of Jerusalem artichoke "Interest", "Sarvat" and "Oroishi" and obtaining inulin from Jerusalem artichoke under laboratory conditions.
        A laboratory method was developed for producing inulin in the form of an aqueous and alcoholic saturated solution from Jerusalem artichoke grown in the Gissar length of Tajikistan.
         The experience of the leading countries of the world in the field of innovation development is studied, which suggests that the development of an effective innovation policy should be carried out taking into account a comprehensive understanding of the goals, objectives, functions of the National Innovation System, its weak and strong points.

2014

       Using the example of the Dzhilandi site (Shugnan District, GBAO), a mathematical model of the dynamics of geothermal energy sources was proposed, numerical methods for solving a three-dimensional geothermy problem were developed.

          The conditions for the stability and asymptotic stability of Lyapunov for a traveling wave of the Cauchy problem for an integro-differential analog of the Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piskunov equation in a medium with memory are established. The results obtained can be used to analyze technological and biological processes in fractal structures.

           The comparison and selection of the optimal method for the approximation of data, in particular, generalized additive regression models, penalty generalized additive models, thin plate splines, and the corresponding Bayesian versions of these techniques are considered.

        The optimal ratio of passive and active heat sources for heating the “Solar House” model has been experimentally determined. It is shown that the “Solar House” is heated by solar radiation with an average power of about 2 kW, as well as by heat flows through the walls, roof, floor - 1 kW. Heat losses, solar radiation fluxes through windows and heat fluxes through fences (walls, roof, floor, doors and windows) are calculated depending on the time of year.

        The management of the Solar House energy supply system was automated based on a remote control scheme that allows switching 4 lines of lighting on and off at a distance of up to 25 meters from a mobile console with a timer.

      On the basis of a solar battery (100 W), a battery (with a capacity of 40 A.h), purchased in the PRC and a charge controller of its own development scheme, a solar power station is assembled, which reliably ensures the operation of a portable TFTLEO color TV with a DVD player and radio, as well as several energy-saving LED lamps.

         Designed, manufactured and tested a charge-discharge controller with battery pack. In the period January-June 2014, three modifications of the charge controller and two types, an open and closed battery pack, were tested. The controller provides a charge-off mode when the battery voltage reaches 14.5 V and when the voltage drops below 10 V it shuts off the load.

         Designed, manufactured and tested hot water storage tank from innovative construction materials. It is shown that the model provides for the circulation of water through the solar collector, whose temperature at noon reaches 70 ° C in 1 hour of exposure, the collector efficiency is 50%.

      A non-volatile surface-type memory element based on the heterostructure of organic semiconductors — copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and metal-free phthalocyanine (H2Pc) —was designed, manufactured, and investigated. On the current-voltage characteristics of the element, the effect of switching from a high-resistance to a low-resistance state was detected, i.e. non-volatile memory effect.

      The possibility of using an inkjet printer for the manufacture of electronic devices based on organic materials is investigated. This method can be used to manufacture not only sensors, thermoelectric elements, solar cells, but also capacitors and transistors, which will allow printing and electronic circuits.

          A hybrid solar installation of the “Photovoltaic module-collector” type, designed to convert solar energy into electrical energy and heat water in living conditions or at work, was designed, manufactured and tested. The installation allows you to reduce the surface area used to convert solar energy into electrical and thermal in 2 times, which is especially important in urban and mountainous conditions.

         The dynamics of the growth of the biological mass of Jerusalem artichoke, the formation of leaf surface and the mass of tubers during the growing season were studied. It has been established that cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke in one place leads to a 20% decrease in its total biomass and yield, in contrast to planting plants in a new place. A new form of Jerusalem artichoke with a smooth surface of tubers, conventionally called "Universal", was obtained and multiplied.

      On the basis of innovative approaches to the study of Jerusalem artichoke grown in Tajikistan, its nutritional value, nutritional value, therapeutic utility and bioenergetic ability are determined.

       For the first time in the conditions of the republic, Jerusalem artichoke hybrids with sunflower - F1 (Interest x Jubilee) were obtained and their seeds were collected.

       An effective combined cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke with corn, legumes and pumpkin has been established, which is of crucial importance in the intensive use of the irrigated crop rotation wedge in the future.

       For the innovative development of Tajikistan proposed:

      •concentrate the efforts of the state, the business community on the development of fundamentally new, competitive technologies and products;

      •Innovatively update the critically outdated production and technology park;

      • enhance the role and responsibility of the state for choosing and implementing a strategy, for mastering and distributing new generations of equipment and technologies, for the effectiveness of integration processes, for helping to increase the innovation activity of entrepreneurs, scientists, designers, engineers - all who will have to make decisions at their level and implement them in the coming years.

    The work on the localization of the most popular WordPress engine for creating sites in the Tajik language is being completed. This work is done in the Republic of Tajikistan for the first time.